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THE CONCEPT OF FAIR HEARING AND EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES IN NIGERIA HIGHER INSTITUTIONS

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THE CONCEPT OF FAIR HEARING AND EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES IN NIGERIA HIGHER INSTITUTIONS

Authors

Djoma Victor Ovuakporoye, Obani Izuchukwu Precious

Published

Abstract

Fairness in examinations is a central ethical principle that sustains trust in educational systems and ensures that learners are assessed equitably on the basis of merit. Examination malpractices, however, undermine this principle by distorting assessment outcomes and eroding integrity in both education and society. Such malpractices include impersonation, leakage of questions, bribery, collusion, and the misuse of technology. This paper examines the concept of fairness and the persistence of examination malpractices in Nigerian tertiary institutions, with attention to their ethical, human rights, and developmental implications. The study adopts a critical analytic and descriptive method, drawing on relevant literature, policy documents, and case examples from Nigerian higher institutions to interrogate the underlying causes of examination malpractices and their impact on academic integrity. The paper finds that weak institutional frameworks, poor value orientation, inadequate supervision, and the misuse of digital technologies have deepened the problem, threatening fair assessment, promoting corruption, and undermining students’ learning outcomes. It further observes that although technological tools such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and e-proctoring can help to curb malpractice, they require ethical deployment and human accountability. The paper concludes that fostering fairness in examinations requires a combination of value-driven education, transparent policies, accountability among stakeholders, and appropriate technological innovations. Strengthening fairness in assessment is therefore essential for building trust in educational qualifications, promoting integrity, and advancing sustainable development in contemporary society.

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THE ECONOMIC COSTS OF CLIMATE DISASTERS: ANALYZING DATA FROM RECENT FLOODS, WILDFIRES,…

Izuchukwu Precious Obani, Zino Izu Obani, Prof Frank Chudi…

Climate disasters, including floods, wildfires, and hurricanes, have imposed significant economic costs on governments, businesses, and communities worldwide. As the frequency and intensity of these disasters escalate due to climate change, there is an urgent need for data-driven economic analysis to assess their financial impact and inform policy responses. This study examines the direct and indirect economic costs of climate-related disasters, drawing from recent case studies across different regions. Using a mixed-method approach, this research integrates economic data from disaster response agencies, insurance reports, and government assessments to evaluate the financial burdens of climate disasters. The findings indicate that flooding results in infrastructure damage and economic displacement, wildfires disrupt agriculture, tourism, and air quality, and hurricanes lead to massive property losses and long-term GDP reductions. Additionally, the study highlights the hidden costs of climate disasters, such as supply chain disruptions, public health crises, and loss of biodiversity. The research underscores the urgent need for enhanced climate resilience investments, improved disaster risk management, and stronger financial protection mechanisms such as climate insurance and sustainable infrastructure development. By analyzing historical economic losses and policy responses, this study provides strategic recommendations for mitigating financial risks and strengthening global economic resilience against climate-induced disasters. These insights will be valuable for policymakers, economists, and environmental planners in designing data-driven climate adaptation strategies.

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Public-Private Collaborations in Waste Management Evaluating Policy Effectiveness and…

Izuchukwu Precious Obani, Zino Izu Obani, Prof Frank Chudi…

Effective waste management remains a critical challenge in Nigeria, where rapid urbanization and population growth have outpaced existing waste disposal and recycling systems. Public-private collaborations (PPCs) have emerged as a viable governance model to address these inefficiencies by leveraging government policies and private sector innovations to enhance waste collection, recycling, and sustainable waste disposal. This study evaluates the effectiveness of policy frameworks and governance models guiding public-private partnerships in Nigeria�s waste management sector, examining their impact on efficiency, sustainability, and environmental protection.

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The Impact of Environmental Regulations on Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from an…

Izuchukwu Precious Obani, Zino Izu-Obani, Theresa Ojevwe…

The study investigated the impact of environmental regulations on foreign direct investment: Evidence from an emerging economy. Data from 2005 to 2023 was employed in the study. The Granger causality and ordinary least square (OLS) technique was used to estimate the data. The finding showed that environmental regulation Granger causes foreign direct investment, but foreign direct investment does not Granger cause environmental regulation. There is a bi-directional causal relationship between carbon emission and FDI. It is observed that GDP Granger causes FDI, but FDI does not Granger cause GDP. Also, environmental regulation impacts FDI negatively and is statistically insignificant. A negative insignificant relationship between carbon emissions and FDI is observed. A negative and significant relationship exists between GDP and FDI. Based on the findings from the study, the following recommendations are made: policymakers should focus on improving the regulatory environment in ways that encourage sustainable development, and policymakers should consider improving factors like infrastructure, human capital, and the business environment to offset the negative relationship between GDP and FDI in order to attract more foreign investments.

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