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THE CONCEPT OF FAIR HEARING AND EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES IN NIGERIA HIGHER INSTITUTIONS

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THE CONCEPT OF FAIR HEARING AND EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES IN NIGERIA HIGHER INSTITUTIONS

Authors

Djoma Victor Ovuakporoye, Obani Izuchukwu Precious

Published

Abstract

Fairness in examinations is a central ethical principle that sustains trust in educational systems and ensures that learners are assessed equitably on the basis of merit. Examination malpractices, however, undermine this principle by distorting assessment outcomes and eroding integrity in both education and society. Such malpractices include impersonation, leakage of questions, bribery, collusion, and the misuse of technology. This paper examines the concept of fairness and the persistence of examination malpractices in Nigerian tertiary institutions, with attention to their ethical, human rights, and developmental implications. The study adopts a critical analytic and descriptive method, drawing on relevant literature, policy documents, and case examples from Nigerian higher institutions to interrogate the underlying causes of examination malpractices and their impact on academic integrity. The paper finds that weak institutional frameworks, poor value orientation, inadequate supervision, and the misuse of digital technologies have deepened the problem, threatening fair assessment, promoting corruption, and undermining students’ learning outcomes. It further observes that although technological tools such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and e-proctoring can help to curb malpractice, they require ethical deployment and human accountability. The paper concludes that fostering fairness in examinations requires a combination of value-driven education, transparent policies, accountability among stakeholders, and appropriate technological innovations. Strengthening fairness in assessment is therefore essential for building trust in educational qualifications, promoting integrity, and advancing sustainable development in contemporary society.

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AIR POLLUTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH: EXAMINING THE CORRELATION BETWEEN PM2.5 LEVELS AND…

Izuchukwu Precious Obani

Air pollution poses a significant and escalating public health challenge in rapidly urbanizing regions, particularly in developing countries. This study investigates the correlation between ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameter ?2.5 micrometers) levels and the prevalence of respiratory diseases in major Nigerian cities, including Lagos, Abuja, Port Harcourt, and Kano. Leveraging air quality monitoring data from 2018 to 2023 alongside hospital records and public health reports, we employed a mixed-methods approach combining geospatial analysis, regression modeling, and health impact assessments to quantify the relationship between PM2.5 exposure and incidence rates of respiratory illnesses such as asthma, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The findings reveal a statistically significant positive correlation between elevated PM2.5 concentrations and increased respiratory morbidity, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly. Seasonal variations and proximity to industrial or high-traffic zones further intensified health risks. This study underscores the urgent need for national air quality standards, improved emission control policies, and targeted public health interventions. Strengthening environmental monitoring infrastructure and integrating air pollution mitigation into Nigeria�s urban development strategy are crucial steps toward safeguarding population health and achieving environmental justice.

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The Impact of Environmental Regulations on Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from an…

Izuchukwu Precious Obani, Zino Izu-Obani, Theresa Ojevwe…

The study investigated the impact of environmental regulations on foreign direct investment: Evidence from an emerging economy. Data from 2005 to 2023 was employed in the study. The Granger causality and ordinary least square (OLS) technique was used to estimate the data. The finding showed that environmental regulation Granger causes foreign direct investment, but foreign direct investment does not Granger cause environmental regulation. There is a bi-directional causal relationship between carbon emission and FDI. It is observed that GDP Granger causes FDI, but FDI does not Granger cause GDP. Also, environmental regulation impacts FDI negatively and is statistically insignificant. A negative insignificant relationship between carbon emissions and FDI is observed. A negative and significant relationship exists between GDP and FDI. Based on the findings from the study, the following recommendations are made: policymakers should focus on improving the regulatory environment in ways that encourage sustainable development, and policymakers should consider improving factors like infrastructure, human capital, and the business environment to offset the negative relationship between GDP and FDI in order to attract more foreign investments.

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Poverty as Common Denominator Trauma: Financial Behavior of Nigerians Living in the UK

Izuchukwu Precious Obani

This paper explores how poverty functions as a form of psychological trauma among Nigerians living in the United Kingdom. Drawing on recent data, migrant testimonies, and sociological theory, it examines how trauma rooted in economic scarcity manifests in financial behaviors such as hoarding, hyper-saving, and guilt-induced spending patterns. These behaviors, often misunderstood as irrational or excessively cautious, are reframed as survival strategies shaped by a legacy of systemic insecurity, economic precarity, and intergenerational transmission of scarcity consciousness.

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